235-247 USJ_099324.indd
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linary diagram of power (Davis, 1977; Vatcher, 1965). Indeed, the diagram of the laager— the closed circular formation of ox-wagons used by Voortrekkers when drawing-up battle formation—does, when extrapolated to multiple scales, seem to have been the pre-eminent (spatial) diagram for dealing with threatening forces throughout White South African history —the company garden and fort established in 1652; Andries Pretorious’ laager at the battle of Blood River in 1838; the enclosed townships, bachelor compounds and Bantustans under apartheid rule; the gated fortress communities of today; and, as David Bunn has argued, the monuments built during National Party rule which “almost demand gatherings and enclosure rather than simple access from a passing gaze” (Bunn, 1999[AQ2]). Beningfi eld adeptly captures central aspects of continuity across this historical span, not only in terms of the laager as diagram—although with the spatial inversion from the enclosed (company) garden to the enclosed or ‘corralled’ (African) wilderness—but also more explicitly in the sense that both the rural (as ‘Veld’) and the urban (as an extension of ‘Veld’) represented landscapes offering potential redemption for the Volk, but also possible erasure. Beningfi eld thankfully approaches this era not so much by way of yet another political economy analysis of the laws promulgated to draw lines around and keep everyone in their place, but more so in terms of the discursive and representational imagery that drew from mythologised events and which strengthened a normalising Afrikaner narrative that politically naturalised exactly whose place was to be exactly where. Indeed, in relation to Rodney Book Reviews
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In 4 studies, the authors tested the contributions of visual, kinesthetic, and verbal knowledge of results to the adaptive control of reaching movements toward visual targets. The same apparatus was used in all experiments, but the procedures differed in the sensory modality of the feedback that participants (Ns = 5, 5, 6, and 6, respectively, in Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4) received about their...
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